What are the Uses of Alteplase?
Alteplase injection is a clot-dissolving medication used in life-threatening emergencies where blood flow is blocked. You may receive it for:
Ischemic stroke (within 3–4.5 hours of symptoms) to restore brain blood flow and prevent permanent damage.
Heart attack (STEMI type) to quickly reopen blocked heart arteries and minimize heart muscle injury.
Severe pulmonary embolism to dissolve lung clots and improve breathing.
How Does Alteplase Injection Work?
Alteplase injection works by activating a protein in your blood called plasminogen, turning it into plasmin. Plasmin breaks down fibrin, the main component of blood clots. This process dissolves clots quickly, restoring blood flow to vital organs like your heart, brain, or lungs. You’ll receive it intravenously in emergencies, under close medical monitoring to balance clot-dissolving benefits with bleeding risks.
What are the Side Effects of the Alteplase Injection ?
While it is effective in treating conditions like acute ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism, it can also lead to various side effects. Understanding these side effects is crucial for you to recognize potential complications and seek timely medical attention.
Common Side Effects:
Bleeding: The most prevalent side effect of alteplase is bleeding, which can occur from puncture sites, gums, or as nosebleeds. You may also notice easy bruising or prolonged bleeding from cuts.
Neurological Symptoms: Sudden headaches, dizziness, weakness, or numbness especially on one side of the body can indicate serious complications. You should seek immediate help if you experience slurred speech or balance issues.
Gastrointestinal Issues: Symptoms such as bloody or tarry stools and vomiting blood may arise. Additionally, red or pink urine can be a sign of internal bleeding.
Allergic Reactions: Rarely, you may experience hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face and throat. These symptoms require urgent medical attention.
Serious Side Effects:
Severe Bleeding: This includes internal bleeding in organs like the brain or gastrointestinal tract. If you notice any signs of severe bleeding that won’t stop, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Cardiovascular Symptoms: Chest pain, rapid weight gain, and significant changes in urination can indicate serious complications related to heart function.
Pancreatitis: Severe upper abdominal pain that spreads to your back may signal pancreatitis, a rare but serious side effect.
When should alteplase be used?
Alteplase should be used only in emergencies to dissolve life-threatening blood clots, such as:
Ischemic stroke: You’ll receive it within 3–4.5 hours of symptom onset to restore brain blood flow.
Heart attack (STEMI): It’s given promptly to reopen blocked heart arteries and limit heart damage.
Severe pulmonary embolism: Used when clots in your lungs cause dangerously low oxygen levels or strain on the heart.
What are the Warnings & Precautions of the Alteplase Injection?
Alteplase injection is a potent thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots in critical medical situations. While it can be lifesaving, there are important warnings and precautions you should be aware of to ensure safe administration and minimize risks.
Warnings and Precautions:
Risk of Bleeding: Alteplase significantly increases the risk of severe or fatal bleeding. You should be monitored closely for any signs of bleeding, such as unusual bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, or blood in urine or stools. If you experience any bleeding that does not stop, seek immediate medical attention.
Contraindications: Alteplase should not be administered if you have active internal bleeding, a history of recent stroke (within 3 months), or severe uncontrolled hypertension. Additionally, conditions such as brain tumors, aneurysms, or arteriovenous malformations can increase the risk of bleeding and are considered contraindications.
Recent Surgeries or Trauma: If you have had major surgery or serious head trauma within the past three months, alteplase may not be suitable for you. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about any recent medical procedures.
Monitoring Requirements: Alteplase should only be administered in a hospital setting where appropriate monitoring is available. Your healthcare team will check your vital signs and watch for any complications during and after treatment.
Allergic Reactions: Be aware of potential allergic reactions to alteplase. Symptoms may include hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face and throat. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek emergency help immediately.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, inform your doctor before receiving alteplase. The effects on the fetus or infant are not fully understood, and careful consideration is necessary.
How is Alteplase Injection given?
Alteplase injection is given intravenously (through a vein) in a hospital or emergency setting. You’ll receive it as follows:
For stroke: A calculated dose based on your weight, with 10% given as a quick “bolus” and the rest infused over 1 hour.
For heart attack: A total dose infused over 1.5–3 hours, depending on hospital protocols.
For pulmonary embolism: A 2-hour infusion, adjusted for your condition.
Your healthcare team will insert an IV line, monitor you closely for bleeding, and avoid other injections or procedures during treatment to reduce risks.
What are the Injection Available for the Alteplase in Pakistan?
In Pakistan, the primary injection available for alteplase is Actilyse. but it may require a prescription. It’s important to consult healthcare providers for proper guidance on its use and administration.
